Your dentist will always try to keep a natural tooth where possible. An extraction is usually recommended when a tooth is badly damaged, infected or cannot be repaired.
Before any treatment, your dentist explains why the extraction is advised, what will happen, and what your options are for the space afterwards. Your comfort is part of the plan, and you can ask questions at any point.
Afterwards, you will receive written or spoken aftercare instructions. Following them, and contacting the clinic if you are worried about anything, helps the area heal well.